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Ultimate Dog Tease -

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Dubrovnik, Croatia

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Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems – What Does It Mean ...

Events

Cyber Security of Industrial Control Systems – What Does It Mean to National Security?  
Science Seminar

Date and Time
October 8, 2012
12:00 PM - 1:30 PM

Availability
Open to the public
No RSVP required


Speaker
Joseph Weiss - Consultant at Applied Control Solutions


Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are used throughout the industrial infrastructure and military applications. These systems are designed to be highly reliable and safe, but were not designed to be cyber secure. Moreover, many of these systems do not even have cyber logging or forensics. Consequently, these systems, which constitute the “soft underbelly” of the American economy and defense, can enable a “cyber Pearl Harbor” to occur without having the capability of even knowing the impacts were cyber-induced. Stuxnet and Aurora have demonstrated that cyber can be used as a weapon to damage or destroy engineering equipment and systems.

To date, there have been more than 225 actual control system cyber incidents worldwide affecting electric power, water, chemicals, pipelines, manufacturing, mass transit, and even aircraft. Most of the incidents have been unintentional. Selected unintentional incidents will be addressed at the ICS Cyber Security Conference (http://www.icscybersecurityconference.com/). However, there have been a number of targeted cyber attacks. The Stanford presentation will focus on Stuxnet and Aurora. It will address the lack of air-gaps, insecureable legacy ICSs, lack of cyber forensics, and cultural issues between IT and Operations that can enable these attacks to occur and evade detection.


Joseph Weiss is an industry expert on control systems and electronic security of control systems, with more than 35 years of experience in the energy industry. Mr. Weiss spent more than 14 years at the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) where he led a variety of programs including the Nuclear Plant Instrumentation and Diagnostics Program, the Fossil Plant Instrumentation & Controls Program, the Y2K Embedded Systems Program and, the cyber security for digital control systems. As Technical Manager, Enterprise Infrastructure Security (EIS) Program, he provided technical and outreach leadership for the energy industry's critical infrastructure protection (CIP) program. He was responsible for developing many utility industry security primers and implementation guidelines. He was also the EPRI Exploratory Research lead on instrumentation, controls, and communications.

Location
CISAC Conference Room
Encina Hall Central, 2nd floor
616 Serra St.
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305
» Directions/Map


FSI Contact
Peter Davis

Parent Research Projects

  • Cybersecurity Threats and the Future of the Internet

     

Topics: Cyber security | Energy | Military | Water | United States


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Beauty Salons, Therapists, Treatments, Training Courses, Beauty ...

Find Beauty salons, therapists, beauty treatments, training courses and salon suppliers and beauty wholesalers in UK & Ireland. Read story

Hub - PubSubHubbub

PubSubHubbub is a simple, open, web-hook-based pubsub (publish/subscribe) protocol.

Decentralized and free. Anybody can run a PubSubHubbub server or anybody can use an open server.

PubSubHubbub is just a protocol, not a service, but we're running this as an open test server for anybody to use to help bootstrap the protocol. Feel free to publish to or subscribe from this hub. You can migrate in the future when you want to run your own hub server, or you can just keep using this one.

See the project for details. This presentation has an overview:

Hub debug

From here you can,

  • Subscribe to a feed or debug your subscriber (with stats!).
  • Publish a feed or debug your published feeds.

These legal disclaimers are here because this Hub is run by Google as a service. If you don't want to agree to these terms you should just run your own hub. The PubSubHubbub protocol is decentralized and free.

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Are You Ready to Pamper Yourself With An Aromatic Bath?

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the spiked CL's in action - perhaps we need to rethink these? ;)

My the spiked CL’s in action – perhaps we need to rethink these?

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What Is Aromatherapy? The Theory Behind Aromatherapy

Editor's Choice
Main Category: Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine
Article Date: 08 Jul 2009 - 2:00 PDT

Current ratings for:
What Is Aromatherapy? The Theory Behind Aromatherapy


Patient / Public: 4 stars

3.54 (26 votes)

Healthcare Prof: 4 stars

3.92 (12 votes)

Article opinions:  2 posts

Aromatherapy is a type of alternative medicine that uses essential oils and other aromatic plant compounds which are aimed at improving a person's health or mood. Many consider this type of treatment as unscientific and wishful thinking - however, scientific evidence of its effectiveness is growing. This study acknowledged that aromatherapy makes you feel good although there was no evidence that it makes you well. The essential oils used in aromatherapy have a different composition compared to other herbal products because the distillation used in aromatherapy recovers the lighter phytomolecules.

Aromatherapy is a widely used term for a range of traditional therapies that use essential oils. These may include massaging oils, or any topical application that uses pure, essential oils - the essential oils are either absorbed through the skin or inhaled. We are not completely sure what the source of the benefit is - the massage, the smell or both.

The theory behind aromatherapy

It is believed that the inhalation of essential oils stimulates the part of the brain connected to smell - the olfactory system; a signal is sent to the limbic system of the brain that controls emotions and retrieves learned memories. This causes chemicals to be released which make the person feel relaxed, calm, or even stimulated. If the aromatherapy includes massage the effect is to further relax the person.
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The essential oils are said to have a direct pharmacological effect. Aromatherapists claim there is a synergy between the body and aromatic oils; however there is no scientific proof that this is the case. Nevertheless, some preliminary clinical studies have revealed positive results.

Essential oils, phytoncides and other natural volatile organic compounds (VOCs) work differently. When targeting our sense of smell they activate the limbic system and emotional centers of the brain. When applied topically (onto the skin) they activate thermal receptors and destroy microbes and fungi. Internal application may stimulate the immune system (generally in prescribed form).

Aromatherapy is some countries

In France, and much of Western Europe aromatherapy is incorporated into mainstream medicine as an antiseptic, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial, much more so than in the UK, USA or Canada. In fact, there are some essential oils that are regulated as prescription drugs in France, and can only be administered (or prescribed) by a doctor. French physicians use the aromatogram to help them determine which essential oil to use. The doctor will first culture a sample of infected tissue or secretion, and then grow the culture in petri dishes which are supplied with agar; each petri dish is inoculated with a different essential oil to decide which have the best activity against the targeted strain of microorganism. The best activity is the one that inhibits growth of the target microorganism.

Application of aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is generally applied in one of three ways:
  • Aerial diffusion - the oils evaporate into the air. The aim is to give the air a specific fragrance or to disinfect it.

  • Direct inhalation - the person breaths the evaporating oils straight in. This is commonly used for respiratory disinfection, decongestion, as well as for psychological benefits.

  • Topical applications - applied onto the skin. Commonly used for massage, baths, and therapeutic skin care.

What can aromatherapy be used for?

Popular aromatherapy products

  • Basil - this is used to sharpen concentration and alleviate some of the symptoms of depression. Also used to relieve headaches and migraines. Should be avoided during pregnancy.

  • Bergamot - said to be useful for the urinary tract and digestive tract. When combined with eucalyptus oil it is said to be good for the skin, and skin problems caused by stress, as well as skin affected by chicken pox.

  • Black pepper - commonly used for stimulating the circulation, muscular aches and pains, and bruises.

  • Citronella oil - this is a relative of lemongrass. It is commonly used as an insect repellent.

  • Clove oil - a topical analgesic (painkiller) commonly used for toothache. It is also used as an antispasmodic, antiemetic (prevents vomiting and nausea) and carminative (prevents gas in the gut).

  • Eucalyptus - often used for relief of the airways for people who have a cold or the flu. Commonly combined with peppermint.

  • Geranium oil - this is commonly used as a diuretic (makes you get rid of water), astringent (draws together or constricts body tissues and is effective in stopping the flow of blood or other secretions), and antiseptic.

  • Jasmin - this is said to have aphrodisiac qualities.

  • Lavender oil - commonly used as an antiseptic for minor cuts and burns. Also used to help people relax. It is said to relieve headache and migraine symptoms. Also used to help people with insomnia.

  • Lemon oil - used to give the person a mood-lift, also said to be effective for relieving the symptoms of stress and depression.

  • Sandalwood - some say this has aphrodisiac qualities.

  • Tea tree oil - said to have antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant qualities. Commonly used in mouth rinses.

  • Thyme oil - said to help fatigue, nervousness and stress.

  • Yarrow oil - used for cold and influenza symptoms. It is said to help reduce joint inflammation.

What happens during a visit to an aromatherapist?

The aromatherapist will ask about the person's medical history, lifestyle, diet, and aspects of his/her current health. In the UK the aromatherapist will ask the patient's permission to inform his/her GP (general practitioner, primary care physician) that the patient is receiving aromatherapy treatment.

Aromatherapy has a holistic approach - the whole person is treated. Treatments are selected which physically and mentally suit the patient best. Depending on why the person wants treatment, and several other factors related to the person, the aromatherapist may recommend a single or a blend.

When preparing for a massage the aromatherapist will mix the chosen oils with a "carrier oil" which carries the oil and provides lubrication. It is crucial that people with nut allergies tell the aromatherapist because carrier oils are generally obtained from nuts and seeds.

The initial session usually lasts much longer than the subsequent ones - about two hours. Subsequent ones will last from approximately one to one-and-a-half hours.

What are the risks of aromatherapy?

It is important to follow the product instructions carefully. Concentrated products may be poisonous before dilution and should be handled with care. If you have any of the following conditions you should be extra careful/cautious about aromatherapy: Aromatherapy does sometimes have side effects. However, they tend to be very mild and do not last long. These include nausea, headaches and some allergic reactions.

Skin sensitivity to sunlight - essential oils derived from citrus may make the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet light, making the person more susceptible to sunburn.

Some oils may change the effectiveness of conventional medicines - if you are not sure, check with a qualified pharmacist or doctor.

Written by Christian Nordqvist
Copyright: Medical News Today
Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today

Visit our complementary medicine / alternative medicine section for the latest news on this subject.

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Visitor Opinions (latest shown first)


natural liquids of the plants

posted by arm on 7 Nov 2011 at 10:20 pm

Aromatherapy is the practice of alternative medicine to aid health problem. Essential oils used for aromatherapy practices are from the natural liquids of the plants.

Essential oils can help a person to relax and soothe his mind a she inhale the scent of them.

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Aromatherapy is a holistic treatment, using aromatherapy massage oils, the aim of which is to produce a physical, spiritual, emotional and mental sense of well being.
Aromatherapy massage provides deep tissue and clinical massage techniques (using one or a combination of aromatherapy & body massage, deep tissue massage, aroma essential oils, massage therapy) to aid the relief of back pain, sciatica, insomnia, Rheumatism, Fertility problems, IBS, MS, ME, Anaemia, Sluggish digestion, Blood Pressure, Poor circulation, Anxiety, Depression, Menopause, Sprains, Stiffness, Alopecia, Acne, Cellulite, Eczema, Arthritis, sport related injuries.
Due to the rate of modern living, each day sees a further increase in the number of people suffering from the effects of stress. Noise, air pollution, financial problems, uncertainty about the future, all contribute to the general stress situation from which there is no escape.
Since massage affects circulation of the blood, the muscles, the nervous system, and organs of the body, in addition to being a most effective treatment for symptoms arising directly from stress situations, massage can greatly reduce pain in many arthritic and rheumatic conditions, it can hasten a number of the body's processes for healing, and actually change a person's psychological mood. For more details, please call:

0844 586 0204

About Aromatherapy Massage in Surrey

Is it a Science or Fiction? Alternative or Complementary Medicine such as Reflexology, Aromatherapy,  Acupuncture and Homeopathy, which apart from being used for thousands of years, have known scientific basis and have been validated by many scientific studies. They are as the name suggests a form of Therapy or Medicine that "complements" conventional treatments. They emphasizes the need to look at the whole person, including analysis of physical, nutritional, environmental, emotional, social, and spiritual and lifestyle values.
Complementary Medicine aims to treat a patient by considering all aspects that make up a person (mind, body, spirit). Conventional medicine treats only the part of the body which is no longer working correctly and fails to deal with the imbalance which caused the problem in the first place. Complementary and alternative medicines use non-invasive and non-pharmaceutical techniques as an alternative to the conventional medicine approach.
It is currently estimated that 3 in 10 local health authorities in Britain now offer some form of alternative therapy to patients and that as many as one third of people in the United Kingdom have tried at least one form of alternative therapy, usually for the treatment of various problems such as backache, arthritis, or headaches migraine.
For our price list, please click here.

Always take advice from your GP before accepting an alternative medicine to your current treatment.